Bed Bug Behavior and Habitat

Bed bugs hide during the day and avoid places with movement and light during the night. They use carbon dioxide, warmth, and moisture to locate their hosts. Bed bugs tend to feed on exposed areas of humans, such as the face, neck, arms, and hands. Humans are not disturbed while bed bugs are feeding because bed bugs inject anticoagulants and anesthetics through their saliva, which usually leads to an allergic reaction in the form of a colorless wheal, welt, or lump at the bite location. After feeding, bed bugs defecate semisolid and sticky materials that leave reddish-black spots on mattresses or nearby furniture. Spots and fecal material odors are good clues to the presence of bed bugs.


Bed bugs prefer to live on wood, paper, and fabric surfaces, but they can also live on stone, metal, or plaster. In infested locations, bed bugs are usually found in seams of mattresses, inside mattress coils, cracks in bed frame, bedside furniture, dressers, wallboards, wood paneling, door and window frames, behind pictures, under loose wallpaper, and in rooms near host sleeping areas.
Bed bugs can quickly crawl short distances and infest other rooms in a house or business. In apartment buildings, bed bugs can move from one apartment to another vertically and horizontally. Long-distance infestations occur when infested objects such as bedding, furniture, or packing materials are moved to new areas. Also, travelers can transport bed bugs back and forth in clothing, luggage, and laptop or tablet cases.

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